Marty : For your application (390, w/o A/C, w,Thermactor), the 1960-68 MPC shows that 2 belts are required, each being Part Number C3TZ-8620-J (ID #C6AE-8620-L). 15/32" wide x 40-3/4" long.
The 1965-72 MPC also shows 2 belts, each being Part Number C9PZ-=8620-GM (ID # JB-414-L), 15/32" wide x 41-1/2" long.
The Alternator pulleys for all of the available Alternators (38, 42 and 55 amp), should be 2.67" O.D.
I personally do not think that 3/4" difference in overall length would prevent you from making adequate adjustment. Therefore, the only only "issue" might be the belt you got from NPD is nut correct. Did you measure its length ? Is it close to the ones I noted ?
I*n looking through the tables, it shows that ID C5AE 8620 S cross references to Part Number B9SZ-8620-A, which has a length of 43-3/4". Looks like this might be your problem.
Hope this helps,
Bob