While a "rave" would have been better than a "rant",
Next time - both.
1) The reason that I did not refer to the 1964-65 Chassis Assembly Manual is because, as I noted in my #8 comment, I don't have it. I will add the information you provided in a future revision.
You made a lot of words without all the available information. The 67 Chassis does call 350983-S as does the 64 and 65. I've noticed a peculiarity in the Chassis Assembly Manuals, they often do not use the finish codes, but apparently rely on the inventory people to put the right bucket on the line for use.
The 60-68 Ford Car Parts manual, Section 35, shows that 64 thru 67 service uses 350983-S (no finish shown, it's part of Ford Locator Code designation, MM-38-B, included in its documentation).
2) The "standard" I refer to in my comment #4, is ASME B18.2.2. This would be for a Grade 5, hex nut that one would purchase for general use from a fastener supplier like Fastenal, McMaster-Carr, etc.
I don't think that Ford would use a grade 5 nut when the specs say grade 2.
Ford specified 5/8- 11 and 5/8-18 nuts are classified as:
"regular" - 0.535-0.559 inch thick:
"thick" - 0.706-0.731 inch thick;
"jam" - 0.363-0.387 inch thick;
All are grade 2.
The one specified for 64 thru 67, 350986-S, is a special thickness, 0.312 inch, and is a grade 2
Note: It's thinner than the "jam" nut, probably to provide some additional clearance with the horn spring and turn signal switch.
Jim