I was a bit disoriented by pic 2 until I realized its orientation was wrong. And your description has the wrong end of the door in that this is the passenger door hinge area, not door latch.
Welding any of this is difficult on an assembled car. Fire hazard is a real concern.
I would take a dremel with a wire wheel and try to get into each hole. The wire style I have in mind is not the wheel type, but one of these:
Put some phosphate 'clean and etch' on a Q-tip and soak the hole for a bit to remove any trace of rust.
Let the etch dry and dab primer in the hole. 2K is best but I find rustoleum works ok for this. Just spray the paint into the cap and use a Q-tip to get the paint into the hole and behind it.
Cut down a bondo spreader so it's real small and mix a very small amount of Duraglas for both holes. Make the repair as small as possible. If you spread the Duraglas small enough and if it's smooth enough you rarely need to sand it.
Do not use Bondo. Duraglas does not have an affinity for water. Bondo does.
Primer and Q tip on the bondo and then use a marking pen style paint stick to do the color match in the piller. Semi-gloss on the firewall.
You can weld these shut if you ever have the car apart.
Just my nickel that's worth two cents.